Mechanism of emodin in relieving neuropathic pain by regulating serum metabolism / 中国中药杂志

The present study investigated the effect of emodin on the serum metabolite profiles in the chronic constriction injury(CCI) model by non-target metabolomics and explored its analgesic mechanism. Twenty-four Sprague Dawley(SD) rats were randomly divided into a sham group(S), a CCI group(C), and an emodin group(E). The rats in the emodin group were taken emodin via gavage once a day for fifteen days(50 mg·kg~(-1)) on the first day after the CCI surgery. Mechanical withdrawal threshold(MWT) and thermal withdrawal threshold(TWL) in each group were performed before the CCI surgery and 3,7, 11, and 15 days after surgery. After 15 days, blood samples were collected from the abdominal aorta. The differential metabolites were screened out by non-target metabolomics and analyzed with Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) and ingenuity pathway analysis(IPA). From the third day after CCI surgery, the MWT and TWL values were reduced significantly in both CCI group and emodin group, compared with the sham group(P<0.01). At 15 days post-surgery, the MWT and TWL values in emodin group increased significantly compared with the CCI group(P<0.05). As revealed by non-target metabolomics, 72 differential serum metabolites were screened out from the C-S comparison, including 41 up-regulated and 31 down-regulated ones, while 26 differential serum metabolites from E-C comparison, including 10 up-regulated and 16 down-regulated ones. KEGG analysis showed that the differential metabolites in E-C comparison were enriched in the signaling pathways, such as sphingolipid metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and tryptophan metabolism. IPA showed that the differential metabolites were mainly involved in the lipid metabolism-molecular transport-small molecule biochemistry network. In conclusion, emodin can exert an analgesic role via regulating sphingolipid metabolism and arginine biosynthesis.

Efficacy of apheresis and concentrated platelets under different transfusion strategies / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To retrospectively analyze the clinical effects of apheresis and concentrated platelets under different transfusion strategies, so as to explore more scientific transfusion strategies. 【Methods】 A total of 279 patients with thrombocytopenia, admitted to our hospital during January 2020 and October 2021, were collected.They was divided into group A(apheresis platelet transfusion alone), group B(concentrated platelet transfusion alone), and group C(both apheresis and concentrated platelet transfusion). Platelet count of three groups were measured 24 hours before and after transfusion and their CCI values were calculated and compared to understand the differences in transfusion efficiency and adverse reactions, as well as the efficacy among three groups with different blood groups. 【Results】 Patients, received solo apheresis platelets, demonstrated a lower incidence of transfusion refractoriness and adverse reactions, but also a lower treatment efficacy(14.63±13.48)(P<0.05). However, the treatment efficacy of patients, received solo concentrated apheresis, could reach 16.00±21.77, but presented a higher incidence of transfusion refractoriness and adverse reactions. Patients, received both apheresis and concentrated platelets, maintained a good treatment efficacy(16.21±16.33), with a low incidence of transfusion refractoriness and adverse reactions.At the same time, different blood types also affect the treatment efficacy of platelet transfusion. 【Conclusion】 The simultaneous transfusion of apheresis and concentrated platelets contributes to the effective treatment of patients and lower incidence of adverse reactions.

Apatinib Combined with CCI-779 Inhibits the Proliferation and Migration of Small Cell Lung Cancer NCI-H446 Cells In Vitro / 中国肺癌杂志

BACKGROUND@#Lung cancer is the most common malignancy world-wide. Small cell lung cancer is the deadliest subtype of lung cancer, which features such as rapid growth, early metastasis, and high vascularization. Apatinib is a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 inhibitor independently developed in China, which has a significant inhibition in a variety of solid tumors. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Apatinib alone or Apatinib combined with mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor, CCI-779, on small cell lung cancer cell line NCI-H446 in vitro.@*METHODS@#The small cell lung cancer cell line NCI-H446 was grew in vitro. The effects of Apatinib alone or Apatinib combined with CCI-779 on proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle and migration of NCI-H446 small cell lung cancer cells were detected by CCK8; FACS and transwell assays were also carried out; Western blot assays were used to detect vascular endothelial growth factor and cell cycle related protein expression.@*RESULTS@#CCK8 assays showed that high concentration of Apatinib could inhibit the proliferation of NCI-H446 cells. Apoptosis assays showed that high concentration of Apatinib could induce NCI-H446 cell apoptosis. Transwell assays showed that high concentration of Apatinib could inhibit NCI-H446 cell migration. After combined with mTOR inhibitor CCI-779, low concentration of Apatinib could inhibit the proliferation and migration of NCI-H446 small cell lung cancer cells and induce apoptosis.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Apatinib has a concentration-dependent effect on the small cell lung cancer cell line NCI-H446. High concentration of Apatinib can inhibit the proliferation and migration of NCI-H446 small cell lung cancer cells, induce apoptosis. Apatinib combined with the mTOR inhibitor CCI-779 can sensitize the NCI-H446 cells to Apatinib.

Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Properties from the Extract and Fractions of Annona senegalensis Pers (Annonaceae) Stem Bark Grown in Nigeria

Aim: This study was carried out to assess the antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties of the extract and fractions of Annona senegalensis stem bark through in vitro and in vivo experimental models. Study Design: The study followed a completely randomized design (CRD) of groups of treatments and control samples for all the tests. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacognosy and Environmental Medicines, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, between January and September 2016. Methodology: Phytochemical constituents and in vitro antioxidant activities using different models (reducing power, DPPH free radical scavenging, ABTS radical scavenging, Hydroxyl radical scavenging, Hydrogen peroxide scavenging, β-carotene bleaching, FRAP scavenging and superoxide radical scavenging assays) were carried out. In vivo antioxidant activity was determined from the assays of lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase and total protein while hepatoprotective activity was evaluated against CCI4 induced liver damage and elevated serum marker enzymes. Results: The results showed that the extract and fractions of stem bark of A. senegalensis had appreciable amounts of total flavonoids (845.67±93.62 mg/g) and total phenols (866.67±8.41), and exhibited good antioxidant activities at higher concentrations. Doses of the extract and fractions administered at 400 mg/kg protected the CCI4–induced lipid peroxidation and significantly (P = .05) reduced the elevated serum marker enzymes - aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphate (ALP), and bilirubin level on a dose and solvent dependent fashion. At 200 and 400 mg/kg extract, the serum AST was reduced (by 40.34% and 45.66% respectively) as much as the MeOH fraction (43.88%) and control (43.44%), whereas EtOAc fractions gave significantly the best reduction (52.49%). The ethyl acetate fraction gave the best activity among all the fractions. Conclusion: The results showed that the stem bark is a potential source of natural antioxidants and hepatoprotective agents, and justifies its use in traditional herbal practice.

Anti-neuropathic pain effect of compound DXL-A-22 / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the anti-neuropathic pain effect of DXL-A-22 and further to explore the potential mechanisms. Methods The anti-neuropathic pain effect was evaluated by chronic constriction injury (CCI) model. The potential anti-neuropathic pain mechanisms of DXL-A-22 was studied by Western blot and qPCR. The acute toxicity was evaluated by ultimate test. Results DXL-A-22 (2,1,0. 5 mg . kg-1 ,i. g.) dose-dependently elevated the mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) and the paw withdrawal latency (PWL) in CCI rats (P < 0. 05, P < 0. 01), the percentage of pain threshold elevation (PTE%) and the percentage of Maximal Possible Effect (MPE%) was 108%,86%,71% and 77%,56%,43% respectively on day 7 post-operation. DXL-A-22 (2 mg . kg-1 ,i. g.) significantly reduced the expression of p-CaMK II α, p-CREB, p-JAK2, p-STAT3 proteins and TNF-α mRNA, c-Fos mRNA in DRG (P < 0. 05, P < 0.01), and the percent inhibition was 37%, 48%, 35%,58%, 39% and 32% respectively. The expression of TNF-α mRNA and c-Fos mRNA in spinal pord was reduced by 47% and 72% respectively in CCI rats (P <0. 01). Acute toxicity test showed that DXL-A-22 had no obvious toxicity reaction. Conclusions Spirocyclopiperazinium salt compound DXL-A-22 exerts significant antinociceptive effect on CCI model. The anti-neuropathic pain effect of DXL-A-22 may be related to the inhibition of CaMK II α/CREB and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathways, and the inhibition of the mRNA expression of TNF-α and c-Fos.

Effects of doxorubicin on neuropathic pain in chronic sciatic nerve constriction injury rats and its underlying mechanism / 中国药理学通报

Aim To observe the analgesic effect of doxorubicin ( DOX) on chronic sciatic nerve constric-tion injury (CCI) rat model, and analyze the underly-ing mechanism from the ultrastructure of sciatic nerve ganglion and the expressions of some apoptotic pro-teins.Methods A total of 60 SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham operation group ( Sham ) , CCI model group ( Model ) , sham operation+DOX 5 mg· kg -1 group ( Sham+DOX) , CCI mod-el +DOX 5 mg· kg -1 group (Model+DOX).DOX was given by caudal vein injection after model estab-lishment .Sham group and model group were given the same amount of saline . The mechanical withdrawal threshold and thermal withdrawal latency were deter-mined by behavioral test .The ultrastructural changes of L4-5 DRG were examined by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy , respectively .The pro-tein expression levels of Bax , Bcl-2 , PKCɑ, PKCδand PKCε in DRG tissues were determined by Western blot.Results The fluorescence of DOX was found in DRG after DOX was given intravenously .In compari-son with sham group , the thermal and mechanical pain thresholds had no obvious changes in sham +DOX group, while the thresholds were decreased obviously seven days after surgery in model group .In comparison with model group , the pain thresholds in model +DOX group increased significantly , which lasted for the en-tire observation time of six days .The ultra-structure of tissues was damaged obviously in both sham +DOX group and model+DOX group.The protein expression of Bax/Bcl-2 increased, while the expressions of PKCδand PKCεdecreased with DOX injection .Conclusions DOX can retrograde and reach the DRG tissues after intravenous administration . The attenuation effect of DOX on neuropathic pain is related to the apoptosis in-duced by the down-regulation of PKCδ and PKCε in DRG cells.

Effects of intraperitoneal injection of 5-HT2A receptor antagonist MDL11939 on acute and chronic pain in mice / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the effects and signifi-cance of 5-HT2A receptor antagonist MDL1 1 939 on a-mice.Methods Kunming male mice were suffered a-cute acetic acid visceral pain,acute incision pain and CCI neuropathic pain.After each animal model was es-tablished,MDL1 1 939 was injected intraperitoneally. The writhing reaction was used to assess acute acetic acid visceral pain,while the thermal withdrawal laten-cy (TWL)was used to evaluate the acute incision pain and CCI neuropathic pain.Results Compared with the control group,MDL1 1 939 (0.25,0.5,1 .0 mg· kg -1 ,i.p.)relieved acetic acid visceral pain signifi-cantly in a dose-dependent manner in mice,as re-vealed by the significant reduction of the number of twisting.In acute incision pain and CCI neuropathic pain,MDL1 1 939 (0.5 mg·kg -1 ,i.p.)significantly increased TWL level.Conclusion 5-HT2A receptor antagonist MDL1 1 939 has analgesic effects on visceral pain,acute pain and neuropathic pain,which might be a novel therapeutic target to treat different pain in clini-cal situations.

Correlation analysis between platelet parameters and efficacy of platelet transfusion and prognosis / 中国输血杂志

Objective To evaluate the clinical significance of detecting platelet parameters in platelet transfusion patients by Investigating the relationship between platelet parameters and efficacy of platelet transfusion and prognosis.Methods A total of 50 patients who underwent platelet transfusion in our hospital in 2014 to 2016 were reviewed.Patients divided into two groups (with normal platelet counts group or subnormal platelet counts group) according to outcomes of blood biochemistry and routine after five days of platelets transfusion.Platelet parameters (platelet count,platelet distribution width,mean platelet volume,large platelet ratio) and CCI were evaluated by statistical analysis.Results The numbers of patients with CCI＞4.5 in normal platelet counts group is 21 (77.78％),that in subnormal platelet counts group is 11 (47.83％).Platelet parameters before transfusion showed no significant difference between two groups (P＞ 0.05).After transfusion,in normal platelet counts group Plt,PDW,MPV and P-LCR were significantly higher than another group (P＜0.01).MPV and P-LCR were increased in normal platelet counts group,and decreased in normal platelet counts group after transfusion.Condusion Detection of platelet parameters,especially MPV and P-LCR,is important for evaluating the efficacy and prognosis of platelet transfusion.

Evaluation of the clinical application efficacy of cryopreserved apheresis platelets and fresh apheresis platelets / 中国输血杂志

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of apheresis platelets throught heanalysisof case control on the clinical efficacy and safety of cryopreserved apheresis platelets and fresh apheresis platelets.Methods 2 035 clinical cases of platelet transfusion in August 2014 to December 2016 by Using the closed loop intelligent path management and evaluation information system,456 cases were selected as control cases.Platelets were divided into the cryopreserved apheresis platelets group (group A,n=199) and fresh apheresis platelets group (group B,n=257) according to the transfused platelet type.The clinical application value of cryopreserved single platelets was evaluated by comparing the basic data,the effective indexes and safety indexes of the two groups.Results 1) The cases were 43.6％ (199/456) in A groups,and 56.4％ (257/456) in B groups,there were no significant difference in gender,age and medical and surgical cases between A and B group (P＞0.05);2) 199 cases in group A were cryopreserved platelets of 2 275 U,including 121 medicine cases,the total amount of transfusion was about 60.9％ (1 385/2 275),78 surgical cases accounted for 39.1％ (890/2 275);In the distribution of diseases,the blood system diseases accounted for 49.2％ (1 120/2 275),the total amount of obstetrics and gynecology disease infusion accounted for 10.6％ (240/2 275),and the amount of tumor radiotherapy and chemotherapy accounted for 6.2％ (140/2 275);The proportion of ABO blood type distribution was O type 25.9％,A type 22.9％,Btype 20.7％,ABtype 30.5％,respectively;3) The Plt counts of group A and B were significantly different before and after transfusion (P ＜0.05).But there was no significant difference between the two groups of cases before transfusion and 24h Plt count after transfusion,the Plt counts difference,and 24 h CCI (P＞0.05);4) The effective rates of platelet transfusion in group A and B were 76.9％ and 76.7％,respectively.Which has no significant difference between the two groups (P＞0.05)).There was no significant difference between the two groups in medical and surgical cases (P＞0.05),but the effective rate of surgical cases in group A (84.6％) was higher than that in B group (75.3％).The difference effect of medicine and surgery cases in B group were not statistically significant (P＞0.05),but the difference effect of medicine and surgery cases in A group was statistically significant (P＜0.05),platelet transfusion inefficient in surgical cases (15.4％) was significantly lower than that of cases (28.1％);5) The incidence of adverse reactions of blood transfusion was 3.5％,4.7％ in group A and B,and the blood transfusion mortality rate was zero,the difference was not statistically significant (P＞ 0.05).Conclusion The clinical effectiveness and safety of cryopreserved apheresis platelets are similar to those of fresh apheresis platelets,and the former can be widely Used in clinic,in particular,it has certain advantages in the surgical hemostatic effect.but for repeated infusion cases or platelet transfusion ineffective cases should be given priority to fresh apheresis platelets.

Procaine Attenuates Pain Behaviors of Neuropathic Pain Model Rats Possibly via Inhibiting JAK2/STAT3

Neuropathic pain (NPP) is the main culprit among chronic pains affecting the normal life of patients. Procaine is a frequently-used local anesthesia with multiple efficacies in various diseases. However, its role in modulating NPP has not been reported yet. This study aims at uncovering the role of procaine in NPP. Rats were pretreated with procaine by intrathecal injection. Then NPP rat model was induced by sciatic nerve chronic compression injury (CCI) and behavior tests were performed to analyze the pain behaviors upon mechanical, thermal and cold stimulations. Spinal expression of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was detected by qRT-PCR and western blot. JAK2 was also overexpressed in procaine treated model rats for behavior tests. Results showed that procaine pretreatment improved the pain behaviors of model rats upon mechanical, thermal and cold stimulations, with the best effect occurring on the 15th day post model construction (p<0.05). Procaine also inhibited JAK2 and STAT3 expression in both mRNA (p<0.05) and protein levels. Overexpression of JAK2 increased STAT3 level and reversed the improvement effects of procaine in pain behaviors (p<0.01). These findings indicate that procaine is capable of attenuating NPP, suggesting procaine is a potential therapeutic strategy for treating NPP. Its role may be associated with the inhibition on JAK2/STAT3 signaling.

Effect of oxymatrine on CaMKII expression in sciatic nerve ligation-induced neuropathic pain in mice / 中国药理学通报

Aim To observe the analgesic effect of oxymatrine(OMT)and its mechanism.Methods A peripheral mononeuropathy was produced in adult mice by placing loosely constrictive ligatures around the common sciatic nerve.The antinociceptive effects of the OMT were assessed in mechanical allodynia and cold allodynia tests.The CAMKII inhibitor KN-93 and AIP were adopted to investigate the influence of OMT on the analgesic effect and analyze its analgesic mecha-nisms.Western blot was used to evaluate the expres-sions of tCaMKII and pCaMKII protein.Results The intraperitoneal administration of OMT (1 60,80 mg· kg -1 )increased the paw withdrawal threshold in the mechanical allodynia test (P <0.05 ),OMT (1 60, 80,40 mg·kg -1 ,ip)remarkably decreased the paw lifts in the cold allodynia test (P <0.05).Ith KN-93 (1 .25 μg/site),AIP (0.02 μg/site)significantly en-hanced the analgesic effect of OMT (35 mg·kg -1 ) (P <0.01 ).Protein expression of pCaMKII was de-creased by OMT(1 60 mg·kg -1 ).Conclusion OMT has significant protective effects on chronic constriction injury(CCI)in mice,and the effective mechanism of OMT inhibits the expression of CaMKII receptor.

The establishment of the controlled cortical impact-induced traumatic brain injury model with different severity in rats / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To establish the electric controlled cortical impact (eCCI)-induced traumatic brain injury (TBI) model in rats with different severity in degree,which may serve as a suitable platform to provide experimental evidence for the pathophysiological following TBI.Methods A total of 40 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 experimental groups and sham group.TBI rats (n=10/group) were positioned beneath the controlled cortical impactor device (eCCI) and subjected to impact injury at 2 mm depth of penetration,for a sustained depression of 200 ms,at 4 m/s,5 m/s,6 m/s velocity for mild,moderate,and severe TBI,respectively.Sham-operated rats (n=10) underwent identical surgical procedures,including craniotomy,without receiving the cortical impact.Neurological function and regional cerebral flow (24 h after CCI),contusion volume,histopathological,and ultrastructural changes (48 h after CCI) were measured,respectively.Results The severity of the pathological changes in rats was increased as the injury aggravated.The eCCI device impacted the brain at 4 m/s,5 m/s,6 m/s velocity for mild,moderate,and severe TBI,respectively.TBI groups showed impaired neurological function,and decreased rCBF lower than that of sham-operated group (all P＜0.01).Furthermore,neuronal pathological abnormalities in TBI groups,including neuron shrinking,perineuronal vacuole,and structural abnormalities of mitochondria.Increased severity of injury was apparent following the increased level of the impacted velocity,and significant differences were observed between TBI groups (P＜0.05).Conclusion The TBI animal model with mild,moderate,and severe brain injury can be established successfully by 4 m/s,5 m/s,and 6 m/s of impact velocity respectively with the eCCI-6.3 device.The novel eCCI-induced TBI model in rats possibly serves as a novel useful approach in the development of TBI models.

Expression of mTOR in breast cancer and the effect of mTOR inhibitor on the cell prolofera-tion and apoptosis of breast cancer cells / 临床与实验病理学杂志

Purpose To investigate the expression of mTOR in breast cancer, and to observe the effect of CCI-779 on proliferation and apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cell. Methods Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of mTOR protein in breast cancer tissue and MDA-MB-231 cell. MTT method was used to show effect of CCI-779 on proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cell. Annex-inV-FITC/PI method was used to show effect of CCI-779 on apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cell. Results 54.9% in 71 cases of breast cancer tissue could express mTOR protein, the expression was significantly higher than in 32 cases of normal tissue (21.9%), mTOR protein was also detected in MDA-MB-231 cell, CCI-779 could inhibit the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cell, and show a dose-and time-dependent, but CCI-779 could not induce apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 with AnnexinV-FITC/PI assay. Conclusion mTOR is closely related to the formation of breast cancer, CCI-779 has strong activity against MDA-MB-231 cell, it has prospect for treatment of breast cancer in the future.

Assessment of traumatic brain injury degree in animal model

OBJECTIVE@#To establish stable and controllable brain injury with accurate degree and good repeatability in rat model.@*METHODS@#Controlled cortical impact (CCI) device was used to prepare for the rat brain injury model by the impact head of different model (Group A No. 4, Group B No. 5, Group C No. 6) and the impact depth (Group A: 1.5-2.0 mm, Group B: 2.5-3.0 mm, Group C: 3.5-4.0 mm) with impact time of 0.1 s and impact velocity of 2.5 m/s. Twelve rats with three months of age were used in each group (the impact depth of every two rats was added 1 mm respectively). After modeling for 1 h, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was received and brain histopathology was observed to assess degree of injury by model parameters of three groups.@*RESULTS@#After modeling of Group A, MRI showed that the cortex structure was damaged with a small amount of bleeding in center and mild edema around, and the total volume of injury was (28.69±4.94) mm(3). Pathology revealed the injury was confined to the superficial cortical with mild edema of nerve cell, which was assessed as mild cerebral contusion. While after modeling, MRI of Group B showed that the structure of cortex and medulla were damaged simultaneously and extended to cerebral nuclei zone, with 4 cases of hematoma in the center and larger edema range around, and the total volume of injury was (78.38±9.28) mm(3). Pathology revealed the injury range was reached nuclei zone, with swell of nerve cell and mitochondria, which was assessed to moderate cerebral contusion. After modeling of Group C, MRI showed that extensive tissue injury was appeared in cortex and medulla and deep nuclei, with 9 cases of hematoma and large edema signal of surrounding tissue T2WI, while in 5 cases, lateral nucleus of injury signal was increased, and the total volume of injury was (135.89±24.80) mm(3). Pathology revealed the deep cerebral nuclei was damaged, with the disappearance of neuronal structure and vacuolization of mitochondria, which was assessed as severe cerebral contusion. MRI changes were consistent with pathological changes in three groups of model, and the injury range was significantly different (P<0.01).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Application of CCI can make stable quantitative traumatic brain injury model, which overcomes the randomness in previous injury model and possesses highly unity in iconography and pathology changes. This can provide quantitative modeling reference for clinical research.

Assessment of traumatic brain injury degree in animal model

Objective: To establish stable and controllable brain injury with accurate degree and good repeatability in rat model. Methods: Controlled cortical impact (CCI) device was used to prepare for the rat brain injury model by the impact head of different model (Group A No. 4, Group B No. 5, Group C No. 6) and the impact depth (Group A: 1.5-2.0 mm, Group B: 2.5-3.0 mm, Group C: 3.5-4.0 mm) with impact time of 0.1 s and impact velocity of 2.5 m/s. Twelve rats with three months of age were used in each group (the impact depth of every two rats was added 1 mm respectively). After modeling for 1 h, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was received and brain histopathology was observed to assess degree of injury by model parameters of three groups. Results: After modeling of Group A, MRI showed that the cortex structure was damaged with a small amount of bleeding in center and mild edema around, and the total volume of injury was (28.69±4.94) mm

Estado nutricional, indicadores antropométricos y homocisteína sérica en mujerees posmenopáusicas venezolanas / Nutritional status, anthropometric index and serum omocysteine in postmenopausal Venezuelan women

Menopause is associated with an increased body weight and changes in fat distribution, high levels of homocysteine and cardiovascular risk factors associated with estrogen deficiency. The objective was to evaluate body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist/hip index (WHI), and serum homocysteine (Hct) levels in postmenopausal women (n 128). Nutritional status was diagnosed by BMI (WHO), WC (normal <88cm, at risk> 88cm), WHI (normal <0.8, at risk> 0.8), serum homocysteine (Hct) (ELISA) normal < 10 mmol/L, at risk >10-15mmol/L, high >15mmol/L and estradiol (ELISA) <65pg/mL (menopause). Sixty five point nine percent were overweight/obese, 47.3 percent and 82.2 percent showed cardio metabolic risk by WC and WHI. There was a significant difference for WHI, and a positive significant correlation between anthropometrics indexes. Ten percent showed risk and hyperhomocysteinaemia, but it was not correlated with the evaluated variables. The subjects had a high frequency of overweight, obesity and android fat distribution, showing a high risk for cardiometabolics diseases.

La menopausia se asocia a un aumento del peso corporal y a cambios en la distribución de grasa, describiéndose también niveles elevados de homocisteína, factores de riesgo cardiovascular asociados al déficit de estrógenos. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar índice de masa corporal (IMC), la circunferencia de cintura (CCi), el índice cintura-cadera (ICC), la homocisteína sérica en mujeres posmenopáusicas (n: 128). El diagnóstico nutricional antropométrico se determinó según IMC (OMS); se determinaron la CCi (normal <88cm, en riesgo >88cm), ICC (normal <0,8, en riesgo >0,8), homocisteína sérica (tHci) (ELISA): normal < 10mmol/L, en riesgo >10-15mmol/L, alta: >15mmol/L y estradiol (ELISA): <65pg/mL (posmenopausia). 65,9 por ciento presentaron sobrepeso/ obesidad. 47,3 por ciento y 82,2 por ciento en riesgo cardiometabólico según CCi e ICC. Hubo diferencia significativa para ICC y correlación positiva significativa entre indicadores antropométricos. 10 por ciento presentó riesgo e hiperhomocisteinemia. Este aminoácido no correlacionó con las variables evaluadas. Las mujeres evaluadas presentaron una alta frecuencia de sobrepeso-obesidad y una distribución de grasa tipo androide, presentando un alto riesgo para enfermedades cardiometabólicas.

Identification of platelet refractoriness in oncohematologic patients

OBJECTIVES: To identify the occurrence and the causes of platelet refractoriness in oncohematologic patients. INTRODUCTION: Platelet refractoriness (unsatisfactory post-transfusion platelet increment) is a severe problem that impairs the treatment of oncohematologic patients and is not routinely investigated in most Brazilian services. METHODS: Forty-four episodes of platelet concentrate transfusion were evaluated in 16 patients according to the following parameters: corrected count increment, clinical conditions and detection of anti-platelet antibodies by the platelet immunofluorescence test (PIFT) and panel reactive antibodies against human leukocyte antigen class I (PRA-HLA). RESULTS: Of the 16 patients evaluated (median age: 53 years), nine (56 percent) were women, seven of them with a history of pregnancy. An unsatisfactory increment was observed in 43 percent of the transfusion events, being more frequent in transfusions of random platelet concentrates (54 percent). Platelet refractoriness was confirmed in three patients (19 percent), who presented immunologic and non-immunologic causes. Alloantibodies were identified in eight patients (50 percent) by the PIFT and in three (19 percent) by the PRA-HLA. Among alloimmunized patients, nine (64 percent) had a history of transfusion, and three as a result of pregnancy (43 percent). Of the former, two were refractory (29 percent). No significant differences were observed, probably as a result of the small sample size. CONCLUSION: The high rate of unsatisfactory platelet increment, refractoriness and alloimmunization observed support the need to set up protocols for the investigation of this complication in all chronically transfused patients, a fundamental requirement for the guarantee of adequate management.

Analgesia effect of Tongbiding free-dried powder for injection on spinal cord center and its mechanism / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective To study the effect of Tongbiding freezing-dryied powder for injection on the function of WDR neuron of spinal cord in living rats with chronic constriction injury (CCI),and clarify its analgesia mechanism in spinal cord center,and further explore whether it has the drug dependence at the cellular level. Methods Electricity physiology extracellular recording technique was used ,in the CCI living rat's expanded spinal cord waist stage the electricity activity of identical WDR neuron cells was recorded before and after administration of 20 mg?kg-1 Tongbiding. The electric discharge number of C response was observed before and 2,4,8,10 min after administration. The spontaneous electric discharge number. was observed before and 1,2,4,6 min after administration; wind-up phenomenon was also observed.Results The electric discharge number of C response was obtained in 8 WDR neurons,three were significant differences of the mean electric discharge number of C response between 2,4,8 min after administration and before administration (P

Influence of extract from fruit of Garcinia cambogia) on antioxydative enzymes of liver in chronic intoxicated rat by CCI4

The effect of extract of G. cambogia fruit in mature period, harvested at Chau Doc-An Giang on the chronic CCL4 intoxicated liver rat was studied. The rats were taken the extract of G. cambogia with the dose 85mg/10g weight body for 7 days. The result: SOD activity increased 11% comparing with control group and 41% with intoxicated group. The MAD content significantly reduced 36% comparing with intoxicated group

Factors related to Changes of Ambulatory Status in Elderly Nursing Home Residents

PURPOSE: To define the events surrounding mobility change in frail ambulatory elderly. METHODS: We retrospectively studied a cohort of 87 ambulatory residents of a chronic care hospital. Demographic data, medication, chronic condition, the Charlson Comorbidity Index(CCI), and ADLs were recorded. Mobility change was measured by the Timed Up & Go Test(TUGT) at baseline in July 1993 and follow-up in July 1996. This study determined the outcome status(dead, mon-ambulatory, ambulatory) and determined the reasons for ambulatory decline in individual subjects. RESULTS: During this period 31(36%) expired; 16(18%) became nonambulatory(wheel-chair dependent or bed-ridden) and 40(46%) remained ambulatory. Of those remaining ambulatory, TUGT performance was maintained in 26(30%), declined by 2X in 10(11%) and 4(5%) could not follow the test due to mental or behavioral problems. In the 16 nobambulatory subjects, 5(31%) lost mobility after an acute event, 11(69%) lost their mobility by slow decline. Factors associated with becoming nonambulatory include baseline CCI(p=0.01), frequency of medication change(p=0.009) and falls(p=0.004). CONCLUSION: CCI, medication change and falls were found to be associated with loss in mobility. The identification of risk factors for mobility change may be useful to target preventive measure.